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Military history of Indonesia is the military history of the archipelagic realm that today formed modern nation of Republic of Indonesia, which encompassed kaleidoscope of conflicts that spanned for over a millennia. Started as tribal warfare among indigenous population, the martial activity developed further to classical kingdom conquests, foreign colonial occupations, battles for independence through guerrilla warfare during Indonesian National Revolution, regional conquests and disputes with neighbouring countries, to Indonesian Republic struggle to maintain its unity and integrity against separatist movements in some of its provinces. ==Prehistoric tribal warfare== The archaeological findings dated from prehistoric era has discovered numbers of stone and metal tools, such as axes, arrows and spearheads. These are mostly used for hunting, and might also be used in tribal warfare. Some of this bronze tools such as elaborate axe might had ceremonial purpose instead. Indonesian tribes also familiar with natively-developed edged weapons, such as ''parang, klewang, mandau, badik, pedang, kujang, golok'' and ''kris''. The martial activity in Indonesia started as tribal warfare among Indonesian tribes. Mostly motivated by various factors; such as to gain lands, to take over natural resources, acquiring slaves from neighbouring village, tribal ways to settle disputes, to coming of age rituals of certain tribal custom, such as headhunting. Indonesian tribes such as Dayak, Nias and Batak are known to practice the headhunting rituals. The tribal warfare among villages still happen today among Papuan tribes of Indonesian West Papua and Papua provinces. Certain warlike tribes are often employed by other developed kingdoms and polities as mercenaries, such as Nias warrior employed in Aceh Sultanate service, to Ambonese warrior employed in Dutch East India Company service. It is important to understand, that due to its geographical conditions, some distant islands or remote interiors are virtually isolated from the rest of the archipelago. Plus some tribes has been fiercely protecting their land and retain their tribal way of life for centuries, by chasing away intruders. As the result, the developments and experiences are not evenly distributes among various parts of Indonesia. Some parts such as Java, Bali and coastal South Sumatra has developed and experienced sophisticated kingdom as their national institution and social system, while other parts such as interior Borneo and Sumatra, also distant islands like Nias, Maluku and Papua, still retain their tribal way of life, well until early 20th century. The ancient kingdoms of Indonesia developed a martial art which was used both in warfare and for self-defense. It is today collectively known as pencak silat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military history of Indonesia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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